Laboratory of Seismology (Distav, University of Genoa) - ID: 250722202523
Posted on: 2025-08-22 14:41:39
Seismic Moment (Log): | 13.01 ± 0.27 |
Radiated Energy (Log): | 7.39 ± 0.39 |
Moment Magnitude MW: | 2.61 |
Local Magnitude ML IT16: | 2.45 ± 0.22 |
Apparent Stress [Pa]: | 7.54e+4 |
Station | Net | Loc. | Chan. | Hypo dist. [km] | ML IT16 | PGA Z [cm/s2] | PGA NS [cm/s2] | PGA EW [cm/s2] | PGV Z [cm/s] | PGV NS [cm/s] | PGV EW [cm/s] | Log(Mo) | Log(Er) | Used(1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSAN | IT | HG | 10.2 | 3.2 | 8.373000 | 8.774000 | 16.460000 | 0.080580 | 0.109900 | 16.460000 | 13.22 | 6.33 | - | |
NRCA | IV | HH | 11.4 | 2.7 | 2.502000 | 3.589000 | 5.685000 | 0.022470 | 0.048580 | 5.685000 | 13.02 | 6.88 | X | |
UST | IT | HN | 11.9 | 2.7 | 2.339000 | 4.300000 | 4.283000 | 0.031350 | 0.061520 | 4.283000 | 12.84 | 7.09 | X | |
NRC | IT | HG | 13.7 | 2.4 | 0.380500 | 0.354300 | 0.351000 | 0.006140 | 0.007085 | 0.351000 | 12.73 | 7.08 | X | |
FEMA | IV | HN | 15.0 | 2.2 | 0.947900 | 1.073000 | 0.974800 | 0.008335 | 0.012230 | 0.974800 | 12.66 | 7.20 | X | |
SIB3 | 7F | EH | 15.6 | 2.2 | 0.656700 | 0.471100 | 0.521900 | 0.005784 | 0.008652 | 0.521900 | - | - | X | |
SIB1 | 7F | EH | 16.1 | 2.6 | 0.555000 | 0.690500 | 0.616700 | 0.007082 | 0.009982 | 0.616700 | - | - | X | |
SLO | IT | HN | 17.3 | 2.3 | 0.330500 | 0.461000 | 0.459300 | 0.004654 | 0.006400 | 0.459300 | 12.98 | 7.50 | X | |
SIB2 | 7F | EH | 17.6 | 2.0 | 0.434000 | 0.517600 | 0.292500 | 0.004997 | 0.006206 | 0.292500 | - | - | - | |
MTCL | IT | HG | 18.8 | 2.5 | 0.973800 | 2.269000 | 1.359000 | 0.011980 | 0.019420 | 1.359000 | 12.92 | 8.00 | X | |
MMO1 | IV | EH | 19.4 | 2.4 | 0.189500 | 0.230400 | 0.220600 | 0.004721 | 0.004654 | 0.220600 | 12.72 | 7.05 | X | |
RQT | IT | HN | 19.9 | 2.6 | 0.251100 | 0.498000 | 0.420000 | 0.003383 | 0.007522 | 0.420000 | 12.90 | 7.11 | X | |
CPT | IT | HN | 19.9 | 2.5 | 1.231000 | 0.892800 | 0.772600 | 0.011980 | 0.012360 | 0.772600 | 12.94 | 7.75 | X | |
FDMO | IV | HH | 19.9 | 2.2 | 0.230000 | 0.256300 | 0.249300 | 0.002862 | 0.003817 | 0.249300 | 12.97 | 7.38 | X | |
CSC | IT | 01 | HG | 22.2 | 2.5 | 0.201600 | 0.350000 | 0.321100 | 0.003627 | 0.007058 | 0.321100 | 13.07 | 7.39 | X |
CSC | IT | HG | 22.2 | 2.5 | 0.201600 | 0.350000 | 0.321100 | 0.003627 | 0.007058 | 0.321100 | 13.07 | 7.39 | X | |
MNF | IT | HG | 22.5 | 2.4 | 0.212800 | 0.258400 | 0.273200 | 0.004782 | 0.004003 | 0.273200 | 12.84 | 7.20 | X | |
SRNA | VM | 01 | HN | 24.3 | 3.0 | 0.547400 | 0.659400 | 0.717100 | 0.018490 | 0.015950 | 0.717100 | - | - | - |
SNO | IT | HN | 24.5 | 2.2 | 0.105100 | 0.141000 | 0.173900 | 0.001560 | 0.002433 | 0.173900 | 12.85 | 6.88 | X | |
CESI | IV | HH | 24.6 | 2.6 | 0.287900 | 0.641300 | 0.724300 | 0.003666 | 0.014910 | 0.724300 | 13.39 | 8.06 | X | |
CLF | IT | HG | 25.6 | 2.6 | 0.270400 | 0.276700 | 0.281900 | 0.003694 | 0.006502 | 0.281900 | 13.22 | 7.75 | X | |
CMNZ | IT | HN | 25.9 | 2.6 | 0.483000 | 0.260200 | 0.363100 | 0.004890 | 0.004740 | 0.363100 | 12.59 | 7.17 | X | |
CSP1 | IV | EH | 26.3 | 2.7 | 0.190000 | 0.393300 | 0.342900 | 0.004947 | 0.007571 | 0.342900 | - | - | X | |
FOC | IT | HN | 26.5 | 3.1 | 0.813200 | 1.621000 | 2.358000 | 0.010940 | 0.015950 | 2.358000 | 13.41 | 7.95 | - | |
MTRA | IV | EH | 28.0 | 2.5 | 0.123600 | 0.155600 | 0.160100 | 0.002965 | 0.003518 | 0.160100 | 13.26 | 7.45 | X | |
GUMA | IV | HH | 28.1 | 2.9 | 0.107100 | 0.144000 | 0.247000 | 0.003465 | 0.006034 | 0.247000 | 13.18 | 7.42 | - | |
FOS | IT | HN | 29.6 | 2.8 | 0.407300 | 0.702900 | 0.465000 | 0.004347 | 0.009511 | 0.465000 | 13.37 | 7.70 | - | |
GAVE | IV | EH | 30.1 | 2.6 | 0.163100 | 0.257700 | 0.295200 | 0.003081 | 0.004607 | 0.295200 | 13.38 | 7.91 | X | |
MML1 | IV | EH | 30.3 | 2.3 | 0.099230 | 0.207600 | 0.174800 | 0.001196 | 0.002335 | 0.174800 | 13.08 | 7.59 | X | |
CMRN | IT | HN | 30.3 | 2.7 | 0.140500 | 0.300600 | 0.160200 | 0.001814 | 0.005508 | 0.160200 | 13.08 | 7.75 | X | |
PF6 | IV | EH | 30.5 | 2.4 | 0.255100 | 0.834000 | 0.476700 | 0.002515 | 0.006037 | 0.476700 | - | - | X | |
AMT | IT | HN | 32.3 | 2.2 | 0.032560 | 0.035160 | 0.039130 | 0.000778 | 0.000947 | 0.039130 | 12.57 | 6.90 | X | |
CTRL | IT | HN | 33.0 | 2.4 | 0.056490 | 0.080120 | 0.070530 | 0.000822 | 0.001710 | 0.070530 | 12.82 | 7.54 | X | |
TRE2 | IT | HN | 33.0 | 2.7 | 0.138800 | 0.176300 | 0.156400 | 0.002272 | 0.003614 | 0.156400 | 13.34 | 7.85 | X | |
LNSS | IV | HH | 33.1 | 2.4 | 0.045290 | 0.140100 | 0.185800 | 0.000797 | 0.002794 | 0.185800 | 13.07 | 7.40 | X | |
SEF1 | IV | HN | 34.2 | 2.6 | 0.455800 | 0.208800 | 0.262100 | 0.005021 | 0.003571 | 0.262100 | - | 7.19 | X | |
SMA1 | IV | EH | 34.4 | 2.1 | 0.041550 | 0.037400 | 0.042420 | 0.000807 | 0.000834 | 0.042420 | 12.64 | 7.04 | X | |
MDAR | IV | HN | 36.0 | 2.8 | 0.100700 | 0.188800 | 0.152200 | 0.001891 | 0.003008 | 0.152200 | 14.60 | 8.05 | - | |
FOCC | IT | HN | 36.2 | 2.8 | 0.317200 | 0.234800 | 0.260100 | 0.002757 | 0.003987 | 0.260100 | 13.15 | 7.47 | X | |
SPO1 | IT | HN | 36.9 | 2.8 | 0.224300 | 0.207800 | 0.252900 | 0.003637 | 0.004106 | 0.252900 | 13.01 | 7.62 | X | |
FMNT | IT | HN | 37.9 | 2.7 | 0.209400 | 0.293400 | 0.332100 | 0.002867 | 0.004131 | 0.332100 | 13.23 | 8.25 | X | |
ASCL | VM | HN | 38.1 | 3.3 | 0.177400 | 0.172300 | 0.199500 | 0.016900 | 0.018620 | 0.199500 | - | - | - | |
NCR | IT | HG | 38.7 | 3.0 | 0.277200 | 0.900100 | 0.756900 | 0.003394 | 0.013430 | 0.756900 | 13.65 | - | - | |
TLN | IT | HN | 39.8 | 2.5 | 0.089120 | 0.141400 | 0.148600 | 0.001750 | 0.001897 | 0.148600 | 12.76 | 6.94 | X | |
GAG1 | IV | HN | 41.0 | 2.6 | 0.200600 | 0.133900 | 0.123800 | 0.003419 | 0.002842 | 0.123800 | - | - | X | |
MTR | IT | HN | 42.2 | 2.1 | 0.030070 | 0.051730 | 0.043680 | 0.000393 | 0.000782 | 0.043680 | 12.45 | 6.82 | X | |
BOR | IT | HN | 42.8 | 2.7 | 0.051210 | 0.071210 | 0.076660 | 0.000905 | 0.002200 | 0.076660 | 13.06 | 7.18 | X | |
MTL | IT | HG | 42.9 | 2.5 | 0.060500 | 0.094510 | 0.096350 | 0.000930 | 0.001524 | 0.096350 | 13.06 | 7.70 | X | |
ASSB | IV | HH | 43.1 | 2.6 | 0.156800 | 0.389700 | 0.355200 | 0.002107 | 0.005330 | 0.355200 | 13.38 | 7.85 | X | |
BVG | IT | HG | 43.2 | 2.8 | 0.085870 | 0.092300 | 0.114500 | 0.001696 | 0.002406 | 0.114500 | - | - | X | |
RM33 | IV | EH | 43.3 | 2.2 | 0.020760 | 0.046140 | 0.046610 | 0.000501 | 0.000826 | 0.046610 | 13.18 | 7.34 | X | |
MTL1 | IV | HN | 43.7 | 2.6 | 0.082690 | 0.157900 | 0.127200 | 0.001615 | 0.002012 | 0.127200 | - | - | X | |
ASP | IT | HG | 43.7 | 2.5 | 0.068550 | 0.130400 | 0.106600 | 0.001242 | 0.002032 | 0.106600 | 13.19 | 7.76 | X | |
ASS | IT | HN | 44.4 | 2.6 | 0.077750 | 0.127100 | 0.145300 | 0.001500 | 0.001508 | 0.145300 | 13.07 | 7.23 | X | |
ASS | IT | HN | 44.4 | 2.6 | 0.077750 | 0.127100 | 0.145300 | 0.001500 | 0.001508 | 0.145300 | 13.07 | 7.23 | X | |
MSC | IT | HG | 44.4 | 2.1 | 0.025020 | 0.067040 | 0.052960 | 0.000312 | 0.000669 | 0.052960 | 12.53 | - | X | |
SNTG | IV | HH | 45.1 | 2.3 | 0.087290 | 0.158000 | 0.126000 | 0.000952 | 0.001949 | 0.126000 | 13.18 | 7.78 | X | |
CAMP | IV | HH | 45.8 | 1.9 | 0.009228 | 0.012810 | 0.013860 | 0.000227 | 0.000334 | 0.013860 | 12.87 | 7.31 | - | |
SPD | IT | HG | 46.4 | 2.2 | 0.017120 | 0.016310 | 0.016710 | 0.000332 | 0.000409 | 0.016710 | 12.86 | 6.94 | X | |
CSA | IT | HG | 46.6 | 2.7 | 0.057010 | 0.084150 | 0.078220 | 0.000816 | 0.002046 | 0.078220 | 13.50 | 8.01 | X | |
GNU | IT | HN | 47.2 | 2.7 | 0.041700 | 0.137300 | 0.116500 | 0.000929 | 0.002828 | 0.116500 | 13.21 | 7.58 | X | |
GLT | IT | HN | 48.6 | 2.1 | 0.063710 | 0.067300 | 0.072510 | 0.000911 | 0.000917 | 0.072510 | - | 7.23 | X | |
CNMT | IT | HN | 49.0 | 2.6 | 0.027970 | 0.037650 | 0.037620 | 0.000985 | 0.001350 | 0.037620 | 12.81 | 7.34 | X | |
TERO | IV | HH | 49.5 | 2.5 | 0.039690 | 0.108000 | 0.109500 | 0.000751 | 0.001520 | 0.109500 | 13.29 | 7.54 | X | |
TRL | IT | HG | 50.2 | 2.7 | 0.048540 | 0.106500 | 0.074730 | 0.000870 | 0.002033 | 0.074730 | - | - | X | |
EL6 | IV | EH | 50.8 | 2.5 | 0.034410 | 0.062290 | 0.059190 | 0.000530 | 0.001457 | 0.059190 | - | - | X | |
ANT | IT | HN | 52.6 | 2.2 | 0.017670 | 0.022580 | 0.029540 | 0.000387 | 0.000758 | 0.029540 | - | - | X | |
ATCC | IV | EH | 52.7 | 2.5 | 0.043620 | 0.101100 | 0.119100 | 0.000680 | 0.001657 | 0.119100 | 13.23 | 7.69 | X | |
PZI1 | IT | HN | 53.2 | 2.1 | 0.014810 | 0.017190 | 0.026920 | 0.000232 | 0.000416 | 0.026920 | 12.68 | 6.99 | X | |
MVMN | IT | HN | 53.5 | 2.5 | 0.072890 | 0.129000 | 0.161000 | 0.001257 | 0.001925 | 0.161000 | - | - | X | |
RIEV | IT | HN | 53.6 | 2.3 | 0.025500 | 0.032270 | 0.023170 | 0.000493 | 0.000816 | 0.023170 | 12.94 | 7.35 | X | |
VLFB | IT | HN | 53.6 | 2.7 | 0.089550 | 0.219400 | 0.187000 | 0.000929 | 0.002538 | 0.187000 | 13.37 | 8.09 | X | |
TRN1 | IT | HN | 53.9 | 2.2 | 0.057960 | 0.033570 | 0.040010 | 0.001032 | 0.001242 | 0.040010 | - | - | X | |
CESX | IV | HH | 54.3 | 2.3 | 0.018230 | 0.037640 | 0.026390 | 0.000387 | 0.000872 | 0.026390 | 13.00 | 7.51 | X | |
FBR | IT | HG | 54.9 | 2.6 | 0.087770 | 0.103600 | 0.165500 | 0.000906 | 0.001487 | 0.165500 | 13.20 | 7.84 | X | |
SNI | IT | HG | 55.1 | 2.8 | 0.064430 | 0.091390 | 0.091160 | 0.002263 | 0.002625 | 0.091160 | - | - | X | |
FOSV | IV | EH | 55.4 | 2.5 | 0.032200 | 0.062280 | 0.050660 | 0.000424 | 0.001103 | 0.050660 | 13.33 | 7.52 | X | |
CING | IV | HH | 56.0 | 2.2 | 0.057020 | 0.056510 | 0.059940 | 0.000683 | 0.000748 | 0.059940 | 12.91 | 7.44 | X | |
RTI | IT | HN | 56.5 | 2.7 | 0.022060 | 0.054020 | 0.036930 | 0.002100 | 0.003047 | 0.036930 | - | - | X | |
RIEM | IT | HN | 58.5 | 2.6 | 0.050060 | 0.046200 | 0.080030 | 0.001525 | 0.001294 | 0.080030 | - | - | X | |
RIEP | IT | HN | 58.7 | 2.8 | 0.286100 | 0.041590 | 0.074390 | 0.004848 | 0.001018 | 0.074390 | - | 8.84 | X | |
GSG | IT | HN | 59.2 | 1.6 | 0.005846 | 0.005866 | 0.005828 | 0.000112 | 0.000123 | 0.005828 | - | - | - | |
SIG | IT | HN | 59.6 | 2.5 | 0.064690 | 0.121800 | 0.120900 | 0.000721 | 0.001383 | 0.120900 | 13.11 | 7.29 | X | |
SCO | IT | HG | 59.6 | 2.6 | 0.018810 | 0.022290 | 0.020230 | 0.000585 | 0.001018 | 0.020230 | - | - | X | |
AQF | IT | HN | 59.6 | 2.3 | 0.039260 | 0.040070 | 0.055550 | 0.000955 | 0.000690 | 0.055550 | - | - | X | |
AQV | IT | HN | 59.7 | 2.3 | 0.010970 | 0.028420 | 0.017500 | 0.000261 | 0.000546 | 0.017500 | 12.39 | 6.71 | X | |
AQA | IT | HN | 59.8 | 2.1 | 0.014470 | 0.012880 | 0.018790 | 0.000960 | 0.000678 | 0.018790 | - | - | X | |
AQG | IT | HN | 59.9 | 2.3 | 0.006634 | 0.016460 | 0.015750 | 0.000183 | 0.000506 | 0.015750 | 12.75 | 6.89 | X | |
GIGS | IV | HH | 60.9 | 1.8 | 0.009306 | 0.016520 | 0.010830 | 0.000160 | 0.000185 | 0.010830 | 13.05 | 7.62 | - | |
AQU | MN | HH | 63.8 | 2.1 | 0.007620 | 0.011420 | 0.011660 | 0.000152 | 0.000240 | 0.011660 | - | 7.05 | X | |
MMUR | IV | HN | 63.8 | 2.6 | 0.144500 | 0.167600 | 0.082540 | 0.001118 | 0.002010 | 0.082540 | - | - | X | |
MURB | IV | HH | 65.3 | 2.8 | 0.032690 | 0.043440 | 0.058280 | 0.000699 | 0.001292 | 0.058280 | 13.17 | 7.66 | X | |
SSFR | IV | HH | 68.3 | 2.7 | 0.102200 | 0.090380 | 0.108300 | 0.001384 | 0.001344 | 0.108300 | 13.27 | 7.70 | X | |
FIAM | IV | HH | 69.0 | 2.4 | 0.026000 | 0.032080 | 0.012730 | 0.000855 | 0.000866 | 0.012730 | 13.41 | 8.82 | X | |
ATSC | IV | EH | 70.7 | 2.7 | 0.114700 | 0.106000 | 0.173600 | 0.001603 | 0.001824 | 0.173600 | - | - | X | |
ARVD | IV | HH | 70.7 | 2.1 | 0.045060 | 0.036950 | 0.047810 | 0.000585 | 0.000443 | 0.047810 | 13.03 | 7.60 | X | |
ATFO | IV | HH | 70.8 | 2.1 | 0.009879 | 0.027230 | 0.023620 | 0.000168 | 0.000373 | 0.023620 | 12.89 | 7.47 | X | |
ATLO | IV | EH | 76.2 | 2.2 | 0.007286 | 0.020990 | 0.017830 | 0.000145 | 0.000360 | 0.017830 | 13.30 | 7.33 | X | |
FRON | IV | EH | 78.3 | 2.3 | 0.037380 | 0.054280 | 0.032820 | 0.000551 | 0.000820 | 0.032820 | 13.19 | 7.56 | X | |
TSM5 | IV | 01 | DH | 79.3 | 8.3 | 15,600.000000 | 60,580.000000 | 73,070.000000 | 223.300000 | 662.700000 | 73,070.000000 | 20.19 | 19.16 | - |
TB01 | IV | 01 | DH | 79.4 | 2.3 | 0.018870 | 0.022030 | 0.026850 | 0.000337 | 0.000381 | 0.026850 | 12.82 | 7.31 | X |
TB02 | IV | 01 | DH | 80.1 | 2.8 | 0.032900 | 0.041460 | 0.066180 | 0.000739 | 0.001082 | 0.066180 | 13.01 | 8.14 | - |
VCEL | IV | EH | 80.4 | 2.5 | 0.007636 | 0.026540 | 0.026890 | 0.000226 | 0.000411 | 0.026890 | 13.29 | 7.37 | X | |
ATVO | IV | HH | 81.1 | 2.2 | 0.006272 | 0.006536 | 0.007736 | 0.000134 | 0.000178 | 0.007736 | 13.06 | 7.42 | X | |
ATBU | IV | EH | 81.5 | 2.4 | 0.005538 | 0.020590 | 0.017180 | 0.000141 | 0.000446 | 0.017180 | 13.10 | 7.70 | X | |
ATVA | IV | EH | 81.8 | 2.0 | 0.002834 | 0.004373 | 0.005778 | 0.000121 | 0.000143 | 0.005778 | - | - | - | |
TB03 | IV | 01 | DH | 82.4 | 2.7 | 0.021370 | 0.041270 | 0.043720 | 0.000492 | 0.001001 | 0.043720 | - | X | |
TSM3 | IV | 01 | DH | 84.2 | 2.0 | 0.006075 | 0.014520 | 0.016030 | 0.000104 | 0.000210 | 0.016030 | 11.35 | 6.74 | - |
AMEN | VM | HH | 85.3 | 2.6 | 0.062820 | 0.028120 | 0.030560 | 0.000900 | 0.000474 | 0.030560 | - | - | X | |
ATMI | IV | HH | 86.3 | 2.7 | 0.009510 | 0.009361 | 0.010940 | 0.000255 | 0.000355 | 0.010940 | 13.15 | 7.37 | X | |
ATPC | IV | HH | 86.4 | 2.4 | 0.007124 | 0.018550 | 0.020810 | 0.000191 | 0.000401 | 0.020810 | 13.08 | 7.43 | X | |
ATPI | IV | EH | 86.7 | 2.2 | 0.003076 | 0.005447 | 0.004498 | 0.000120 | 0.000178 | 0.004498 | 13.36 | 7.28 | X | |
PIEI | IV | HH | 87.4 | 2.2 | 0.017400 | 0.013170 | 0.029160 | 0.000265 | 0.000235 | 0.029160 | 13.02 | 7.56 | X | |
SRES | IV | HH | 88.1 | 2.2 | 0.003039 | 0.003052 | 0.004096 | 0.000078 | 0.000157 | 0.004096 | 13.17 | 7.33 | X | |
MPAG | IV | EH | 88.7 | 2.2 | 0.008286 | 0.015120 | 0.018160 | 0.000146 | 0.000205 | 0.018160 | 12.97 | 7.33 | X | |
NARO | IV | HH | 92.7 | 2.1 | 0.018680 | 0.023050 | 0.025000 | 0.000248 | 0.000225 | 0.025000 | 12.44 | 7.71 | X | |
APEC | IV | HH | 94.9 | 2.3 | 0.012070 | 0.010140 | 0.009120 | 0.000130 | 0.000144 | 0.009120 | - | - | X | |
ATMC | IV | EH | 98.7 | 2.0 | 0.002412 | 0.002707 | 0.005661 | 0.000071 | 0.000059 | 0.005661 | 12.74 | 7.03 | - | |
SACS | IV | HH | 99.6 | 2.2 | 0.002382 | 0.004442 | 0.004848 | 0.000121 | 0.000125 | 0.004848 | 13.02 | 7.36 | X | |
CERT | IV | HH | 104.8 | 2.3 | 0.001213 | 0.003145 | 0.002842 | 0.000059 | 0.000114 | 0.002842 | 12.88 | 7.08 | X | |
CAFI | IV | HH | 106.8 | 2.2 | 0.002332 | 0.003496 | 0.003283 | 0.000086 | 0.000095 | 0.003283 | 13.13 | 7.34 | X | |
PARC | IV | HH | 111.8 | 2.2 | 0.001992 | 0.002929 | 0.001945 | 0.000066 | 0.000079 | 0.001945 | 12.91 | 6.99 | X | |
INTR | IV | HH | 116.4 | 2.4 | 0.001442 | 0.002299 | 0.002834 | 0.000039 | 0.000074 | 0.002834 | 12.85 | 6.93 | X |
Credits and Copyright
RAMONES (Rapid Assessment of MOmeNt and Energy Service) service is designed, developed and maintained by the seismological group of the University of Genoa. The source parameters are estimated using features extracted directly from recordings, following methodologies developed through scientific collaborations between the University of Genoa, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ-Potsdam), the University of Naples, and the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV).
If you use these data, please cite the original paper: doi:10.1785/0220200348
Reproduction is authorised only if the source is cited in a complete and comprehensive way.