Laboratory of Seismology (Distav, University of Genoa) - ID: 250729161637
Posted on: 2025-08-22 11:02:37
Seismic Moment (Log): | 13.49 ± 0.23 |
Radiated Energy (Log): | 8.04 ± 0.32 |
Moment Magnitude MW: | 2.93 |
Local Magnitude ML IT16: | 2.83 ± 0.21 |
Apparent Stress [Pa]: | 1.13e+5 |
Station | Net | Loc. | Chan. | Hypo dist. [km] | ML IT16 | PGA Z [cm/s2] | PGA NS [cm/s2] | PGA EW [cm/s2] | PGV Z [cm/s] | PGV NS [cm/s] | PGV EW [cm/s] | Log(Mo) | Log(Er) | Used(1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNMT | IT | HN | 16.6 | -9.0 | 1.396000 | 1.315000 | 0.000000 | 0.052780 | 0.047880 | 0.000000 | - | - | ||
PZI1 | IT | HN | 16.8 | 2.9 | 1.559000 | 1.600000 | 2.030000 | 0.015540 | 0.024770 | 2.030000 | 13.51 | 7.85 | X | |
MSC | IT | HG | 18.0 | 3.2 | 0.642200 | 2.626000 | 2.337000 | 0.011360 | 0.041210 | 2.337000 | 13.90 | 8.32 | - | |
SPD | IT | HG | 18.0 | 3.2 | 0.924600 | 0.891400 | 1.149000 | 0.034600 | 0.027790 | 1.149000 | 13.84 | 8.41 | X | |
AQV | IT | HN | 18.7 | 2.9 | 1.084000 | 0.955400 | 1.457000 | 0.013610 | 0.014200 | 1.457000 | 13.32 | 7.60 | X | |
AQA | IT | HN | 18.7 | 2.5 | 0.913900 | 0.670600 | 0.744500 | 0.008973 | 0.009355 | 0.744500 | 12.94 | 7.30 | X | |
AQF | IT | HN | 18.8 | 2.8 | 0.654900 | 0.946700 | 1.283000 | 0.009283 | 0.013320 | 1.283000 | 13.26 | 7.67 | X | |
AQG | IT | HN | 18.8 | 2.8 | 0.744000 | 0.659800 | 0.658800 | 0.010670 | 0.015250 | 0.658800 | 13.06 | 7.44 | X | |
MTR | IT | HN | 18.9 | 3.0 | 0.724400 | 1.697000 | 0.814700 | 0.012770 | 0.036220 | 0.814700 | 13.62 | 8.05 | X | |
RM33 | IV | EH | 19.1 | 3.0 | 0.758100 | 1.216000 | 0.897200 | 0.013800 | 0.029260 | 0.897200 | 14.06 | 8.36 | X | |
SCO | IT | HG | 19.4 | 3.2 | 0.701500 | 0.721700 | 1.028000 | 0.013000 | 0.019360 | 1.028000 | - | - | X | |
PCB | IT | HG | 19.6 | 3.0 | 0.486300 | 1.852000 | 1.502000 | 0.008812 | 0.019650 | 1.502000 | 13.62 | 8.35 | X | |
CAMP | IV | HH | 20.2 | 2.7 | 0.166000 | 0.202300 | 0.146200 | 0.004478 | 0.010920 | 0.146200 | 13.70 | 8.29 | X | |
AQU | MN | HH | 21.5 | 2.5 | 0.142400 | 0.306000 | 0.317600 | 0.003010 | 0.005562 | 0.317600 | 13.35 | 7.85 | X | |
BOR | IT | HN | 21.8 | 3.1 | 0.412100 | 0.830700 | 0.440700 | 0.007116 | 0.029860 | 0.440700 | 13.47 | 8.00 | X | |
AQK | IT | HN | 21.9 | 2.8 | 0.408500 | 0.524300 | 0.665700 | 0.006661 | 0.008572 | 0.665700 | 13.41 | 7.74 | X | |
ANT | IT | HN | 24.6 | 3.0 | 0.178700 | 0.205200 | 0.221500 | 0.005381 | 0.010280 | 0.221500 | 13.82 | 8.22 | X | |
GSA | IT | HN | 24.8 | 2.9 | 0.607600 | 1.430000 | 1.251000 | 0.007752 | 0.013780 | 1.251000 | 13.71 | 7.99 | X | |
BZZ | IT | HG | 25.0 | 2.9 | 0.276300 | 0.349600 | 0.416100 | 0.005011 | 0.007336 | 0.416100 | 13.48 | 7.88 | X | |
CTRL | IT | HN | 25.0 | 3.1 | 0.363400 | 0.768900 | 0.666900 | 0.005120 | 0.017440 | 0.666900 | 13.84 | 8.37 | X | |
AMT | IT | HN | 25.9 | 2.7 | 0.126800 | 0.207100 | 0.245200 | 0.002577 | 0.006189 | 0.245200 | 13.25 | 7.77 | X | |
SMA1 | IV | EH | 26.0 | 3.4 | 0.323000 | 0.505700 | 0.548800 | 0.012460 | 0.017040 | 0.548800 | 14.13 | 8.55 | - | |
GSG | IT | HN | 26.3 | 2.2 | 0.086270 | 0.132700 | 0.158600 | 0.001424 | 0.001958 | 0.158600 | 13.25 | 7.62 | - | |
GIGS | IV | HH | 27.9 | 2.4 | 0.106500 | 0.189200 | 0.153200 | 0.002739 | 0.002655 | 0.153200 | 13.78 | 8.40 | - | |
PGG | IT | HG | 29.1 | 3.2 | 0.867100 | 1.359000 | 0.863200 | 0.014510 | 0.016500 | 0.863200 | 13.96 | 8.96 | X | |
FMG | IT | HN | 30.4 | 2.6 | 0.084330 | 0.081780 | 0.086180 | 0.002332 | 0.002821 | 0.086180 | 13.49 | 7.72 | X | |
FIAM | IV | HH | 30.4 | 2.9 | 0.301700 | 0.300400 | 0.123700 | 0.007540 | 0.007772 | 0.123700 | 14.21 | 9.38 | X | |
LNSS | IV | HH | 31.1 | 2.7 | 0.061120 | 0.150400 | 0.204100 | 0.001358 | 0.003684 | 0.204100 | 13.28 | 7.76 | X | |
BRS | IT | HG | 31.9 | 3.1 | 0.420400 | 0.402100 | 0.326800 | 0.006798 | 0.008992 | 0.326800 | 13.74 | 8.46 | X | |
SDM | IT | HG | 32.0 | 2.7 | 0.175200 | 0.242400 | 0.304400 | 0.003954 | 0.003293 | 0.304400 | 13.23 | 8.04 | X | |
ISG | IT | HN | 33.2 | 2.9 | 0.511700 | 1.253000 | 1.015000 | 0.005390 | 0.012360 | 1.015000 | 13.56 | 8.52 | X | |
CTD | IT | HG | 33.6 | 3.1 | 0.072150 | 0.152100 | 0.160600 | 0.002703 | 0.005216 | 0.160600 | 13.68 | 8.43 | X | |
TRL | IT | HG | 33.9 | 3.2 | 0.236300 | 0.488700 | 0.315100 | 0.004310 | 0.012700 | 0.315100 | 13.96 | 8.83 | X | |
MVMN | IT | HN | 33.9 | 3.0 | 0.306600 | 0.874900 | 0.748500 | 0.003569 | 0.012360 | 0.748500 | 13.41 | 8.48 | X | |
FAGN | IV | HH | 35.0 | 4.4 | 16.720000 | 16.070000 | 9.471000 | 0.153400 | 0.185200 | 9.471000 | - | - | - | |
TERO | IV | HN | 35.3 | 2.6 | 0.156800 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.002280 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 13.46 | 8.44 | X | |
RIEV | IT | HN | 35.6 | 3.0 | 0.121800 | 0.197600 | 0.131300 | 0.003995 | 0.007684 | 0.131300 | 13.67 | 8.14 | X | |
MTRA | IV | EH | 38.4 | 3.1 | 0.237200 | 0.560900 | 0.682900 | 0.005698 | 0.011350 | 0.682900 | 13.96 | 8.39 | X | |
RIEP | IT | HN | 39.8 | 3.0 | 0.126800 | 0.108700 | 0.071270 | 0.003201 | 0.002794 | 0.071270 | - | - | X | |
RIEM | IT | HN | 39.9 | 3.0 | 0.107200 | 0.149300 | 0.128800 | 0.003699 | 0.004451 | 0.128800 | - | - | X | |
CSC | IT | HG | 40.9 | 2.7 | 0.102000 | 0.186800 | 0.120100 | 0.001942 | 0.003598 | 0.120100 | 13.31 | 7.95 | X | |
CSC | IT | 01 | HG | 40.9 | 2.7 | 0.102000 | 0.186800 | 0.120100 | 0.001942 | 0.003598 | 0.120100 | 13.31 | 7.95 | X |
RTI | IT | HN | 41.8 | 3.2 | 0.082000 | 0.165400 | 0.133900 | 0.002193 | 0.006170 | 0.133900 | 13.30 | - | X | |
RQT | IT | HN | 43.4 | 3.1 | 0.514500 | 0.784900 | 0.805500 | 0.006476 | 0.012630 | 0.805500 | 13.76 | 8.53 | X | |
NRC | IT | HG | 44.1 | 2.8 | 0.092840 | 0.121900 | 0.117000 | 0.001824 | 0.002979 | 0.117000 | 13.44 | 8.18 | X | |
CSO1 | IT | HG | 45.6 | 2.7 | 0.016780 | 0.020910 | 0.025900 | 0.000787 | 0.001144 | 0.025900 | 13.31 | 7.63 | X | |
GAVE | IV | EH | 45.7 | 2.7 | 0.056650 | 0.066880 | 0.092190 | 0.001003 | 0.002153 | 0.092190 | 13.29 | 7.79 | X | |
CPS | IT | HN | 45.7 | 2.7 | 0.085710 | 0.124600 | 0.059650 | 0.001235 | 0.001629 | 0.059650 | 13.38 | 8.40 | X | |
CLN | IT | HG | 47.4 | 2.2 | 0.018820 | 0.040450 | 0.032960 | 0.000545 | 0.000763 | 0.032960 | 12.66 | 7.19 | - | |
NRCA | IV | HH | 47.9 | 3.1 | 0.312400 | 0.411200 | 0.735700 | 0.004698 | 0.007345 | 0.735700 | 13.67 | 8.26 | X | |
VCEL | IV | EH | 47.9 | 2.9 | 0.060740 | 0.186600 | 0.207900 | 0.001287 | 0.003300 | 0.207900 | 13.74 | 7.97 | X | |
SIB3 | 7F | EH | 49.8 | 2.6 | 0.147500 | 0.244200 | 0.240500 | 0.001983 | 0.003372 | 0.240500 | - | - | X | |
SIB2 | 7F | EH | 51.4 | 2.4 | 0.181300 | 0.432000 | 0.189500 | 0.001797 | 0.003557 | 0.189500 | - | - | - | |
PTQR | IV | HH | 51.4 | 2.5 | 0.009877 | 0.016190 | 0.018010 | 0.000411 | 0.000543 | 0.018010 | 13.44 | 7.99 | X | |
SIB1 | 7F | EH | 52.1 | 3.0 | 0.115600 | 0.172800 | 0.172200 | 0.001675 | 0.003953 | 0.172200 | - | - | X | |
ASCL | VM | HN | 52.3 | 3.6 | 0.158400 | 0.191800 | 0.184900 | 0.030540 | 0.011590 | 0.184900 | - | - | - | |
MMO1 | IV | EH | 52.3 | 2.7 | 0.064520 | 0.139500 | 0.100700 | 0.001435 | 0.001891 | 0.100700 | 13.67 | 8.03 | X | |
MMP1 | IT | HN | 53.1 | 2.6 | 0.018790 | 0.016610 | 0.026480 | 0.000503 | 0.000810 | 0.026480 | 12.18 | 7.29 | X | |
PENN | IT | HN | 53.5 | 2.9 | 0.056660 | 0.054480 | 0.062310 | 0.002227 | 0.001875 | 0.062310 | - | - | X | |
CSAN | IT | HG | 53.8 | 2.7 | 0.084960 | 0.134900 | 0.147600 | 0.001570 | 0.001807 | 0.147600 | 13.48 | 8.12 | X | |
CPT | IT | HN | 54.1 | 2.7 | 0.067040 | 0.107400 | 0.114400 | 0.001004 | 0.001455 | 0.114400 | 13.38 | 7.88 | X | |
ASP | IT | HG | 54.6 | 2.9 | 0.066340 | 0.147900 | 0.157600 | 0.001032 | 0.003036 | 0.157600 | 13.56 | 8.25 | X | |
BSS | IT | HG | 55.7 | 2.9 | 0.039320 | 0.056290 | 0.052970 | 0.000976 | 0.001641 | 0.052970 | - | - | X | |
SPM | IT | HG | 56.2 | 3.0 | 0.087630 | 0.151300 | 0.250200 | 0.001545 | 0.003070 | 0.250200 | 13.74 | 8.74 | X | |
TRN1 | IT | HN | 57.0 | 2.7 | 0.081990 | 0.051310 | 0.040000 | 0.001172 | 0.002365 | 0.040000 | - | - | X | |
SPO1 | IT | HN | 57.9 | 3.0 | 0.050650 | 0.051940 | 0.056580 | 0.001418 | 0.001972 | 0.056580 | 13.28 | 7.75 | X | |
CMNZ | IT | HN | 58.2 | 3.2 | 0.239000 | 0.407600 | 0.276300 | 0.003179 | 0.007488 | 0.276300 | 13.34 | - | X | |
UST | IT | HN | 58.5 | 2.8 | 0.283700 | 0.191400 | 0.235300 | 0.001684 | 0.003513 | 0.235300 | - | - | X | |
SLO | IT | HN | 59.5 | 2.6 | 0.028640 | 0.040370 | 0.044770 | 0.000519 | 0.000793 | 0.044770 | 13.33 | 7.71 | X | |
AMAD | VM | HN | 61.0 | 3.6 | 0.163500 | 0.211700 | 0.245200 | 0.011900 | 0.013170 | 0.245200 | - | - | - | |
FEMA | IV | HN | 62.5 | 2.8 | 0.059270 | 0.090080 | 0.077970 | 0.000871 | 0.001520 | 0.077970 | 13.47 | 7.98 | X | |
CESX | IV | HH | 62.9 | 2.6 | 0.011080 | 0.022560 | 0.019670 | 0.000379 | 0.000790 | 0.019670 | 13.40 | 7.91 | X | |
MF5 | IV | EH | 63.0 | 2.7 | 0.025120 | 0.038490 | 0.037470 | 0.000747 | 0.001230 | 0.037470 | - | - | X | |
SCF | IT | HG | 63.0 | 3.7 | 0.231600 | 0.325800 | 0.231000 | 0.002738 | 0.003603 | 0.231000 | - | - | - | |
CERT | IV | HH | 63.9 | 2.6 | 0.012770 | 0.012700 | 0.020320 | 0.000292 | 0.000566 | 0.020320 | 13.27 | 7.77 | X | |
SNI | IT | HG | 66.1 | 3.2 | 0.028630 | 0.041790 | 0.055560 | 0.002695 | 0.002058 | 0.055560 | - | - | X | |
SRNA | VM | 01 | HN | 66.7 | 3.6 | 0.226200 | 0.423900 | 0.473400 | 0.015340 | 0.012670 | 0.473400 | - | - | - |
SNO | IT | HN | 66.9 | 2.4 | 0.048640 | 0.044680 | 0.072460 | 0.000847 | 0.000654 | 0.072460 | 12.99 | 7.79 | - | |
MTCL | IT | HG | 66.9 | 2.6 | 0.082320 | 0.089050 | 0.094130 | 0.000942 | 0.001394 | 0.094130 | 13.38 | 8.12 | X | |
TRE2 | IT | HN | 67.7 | 2.9 | 0.035400 | 0.039800 | 0.035830 | 0.001775 | 0.001359 | 0.035830 | - | - | X | |
SULP | IT | HG | 67.8 | 3.2 | 0.035840 | 0.058620 | 0.046800 | 0.002101 | 0.004678 | 0.046800 | - | - | - | |
SULC | IT | HN | 67.9 | 3.1 | 0.096620 | 0.040760 | 0.041310 | 0.001798 | 0.001901 | 0.041310 | - | - | X | |
SULA | IT | HN | 67.9 | 3.2 | 0.049210 | 0.050700 | 0.037440 | 0.001510 | 0.002435 | 0.037440 | - | - | X | |
SUL | IT | HN | 68.0 | 2.6 | 0.022930 | 0.028460 | 0.031760 | 0.000333 | 0.000556 | 0.031760 | 13.61 | 7.68 | X | |
FDMO | IV | HH | 69.0 | 2.6 | 0.030620 | 0.041320 | 0.046430 | 0.000651 | 0.001021 | 0.046430 | 13.59 | 8.30 | X | |
GUMA | IV | HH | 69.7 | 3.2 | 0.049720 | 0.065560 | 0.108400 | 0.001577 | 0.002124 | 0.108400 | 13.64 | 8.29 | X | |
MNF | IT | HG | 70.0 | 2.5 | 0.023930 | 0.038510 | 0.061620 | 0.001637 | 0.000767 | 0.061620 | - | - | X | |
SRES | IV | HH | 71.0 | 2.4 | 0.006137 | 0.008108 | 0.007934 | 0.000206 | 0.000364 | 0.007934 | 13.34 | 7.80 | - | |
CESI | IV | HH | 71.2 | 2.7 | 0.025400 | 0.053200 | 0.029320 | 0.000678 | 0.001702 | 0.029320 | 13.70 | 8.39 | X | |
INTR | IV | HH | 71.9 | 2.7 | 0.013070 | 0.024940 | 0.014540 | 0.000505 | 0.000934 | 0.014540 | 13.45 | 7.87 | X | |
GNU | IT | HN | 73.2 | 2.7 | 0.027560 | 0.035340 | 0.031840 | 0.000579 | 0.000924 | 0.031840 | 13.42 | 7.73 | X | |
CSP1 | IV | EH | 73.4 | 3.1 | 0.053380 | 0.081910 | 0.095150 | 0.001485 | 0.001892 | 0.095150 | - | - | X | |
CLF | IT | HG | 73.5 | 3.0 | 0.036210 | 0.046850 | 0.046940 | 0.001073 | 0.001300 | 0.046940 | 13.69 | 8.30 | X | |
FOC | IT | HN | 73.6 | 3.1 | 0.073130 | 0.206600 | 0.219300 | 0.001290 | 0.003654 | 0.219300 | 13.63 | 8.10 | X | |
SAP2 | IV | EH | 73.8 | 3.4 | 0.195500 | 0.209900 | 0.328300 | 0.004511 | 0.004735 | 0.328300 | - | - | - | |
FOS | IT | HN | 74.9 | 2.8 | 0.032440 | 0.044400 | 0.044680 | 0.000699 | 0.001006 | 0.044680 | 13.35 | 7.77 | X | |
GUAR | IV | HH | 75.0 | 2.1 | 0.002019 | 0.003247 | 0.003297 | 0.000122 | 0.000148 | 0.003297 | 12.82 | 6.97 | - | |
AME | IT | HN | 75.2 | 2.7 | 0.031880 | 0.054480 | 0.033090 | 0.000310 | 0.000681 | 0.033090 | 13.43 | 8.32 | X | |
FOCC | IT | HN | 75.7 | 2.7 | 0.047520 | 0.087030 | 0.048160 | 0.001011 | 0.001818 | 0.048160 | - | - | X | |
SCN | IT | HN | 77.7 | 2.5 | 0.014100 | 0.015290 | 0.014170 | 0.001309 | 0.001066 | 0.014170 | - | - | X | |
PF6 | IV | EH | 78.3 | 2.7 | 0.043010 | 0.181400 | 0.078180 | 0.000730 | 0.001313 | 0.078180 | - | - | X | |
MML1 | IV | EH | 79.9 | 2.6 | 0.016920 | 0.035200 | 0.025750 | 0.000397 | 0.001037 | 0.025750 | 13.64 | 8.20 | X | |
CMRN | IT | HN | 80.0 | 3.1 | 0.044540 | 0.083070 | 0.061670 | 0.000861 | 0.001671 | 0.061670 | - | - | X | |
GRD | IT | HN | 80.2 | 2.5 | 0.028460 | 0.025620 | 0.042310 | 0.000326 | 0.000359 | 0.042310 | 13.44 | 6.92 | X | |
SEF1 | IV | HN | 83.8 | 3.3 | 0.147500 | 0.068170 | 0.062360 | 0.007301 | 0.005084 | 0.062360 | - | - | - | |
MDAR | IV | HN | 84.8 | 2.7 | 0.068730 | 0.047940 | 0.059300 | 0.004573 | 0.001033 | 0.059300 | - | - | X | |
LPEL | IV | HH | 87.2 | 2.7 | 0.031200 | 0.031090 | 0.056640 | 0.000750 | 0.000561 | 0.056640 | 13.39 | 7.97 | X | |
GAG1 | IV | HN | 90.7 | 3.3 | 0.066540 | 0.045260 | 0.053950 | 0.011770 | 0.004413 | 0.053950 | - | - | - | |
MTL1 | IV | HN | 93.8 | 3.4 | 0.084680 | 0.053680 | 0.054880 | 0.009640 | 0.008321 | 0.054880 | - | - | - | |
SNTG | IV | HH | 95.2 | 2.5 | 0.010410 | 0.015690 | 0.021910 | 0.000239 | 0.000388 | 0.021910 | 13.52 | 7.94 | X | |
ATCC | IV | EH | 98.8 | 2.7 | 0.007407 | 0.014020 | 0.016010 | 0.000204 | 0.000410 | 0.016010 | 13.16 | 7.94 | X | |
EL6 | IV | EH | 100.1 | 2.8 | 0.012740 | 0.019810 | 0.027590 | 0.000415 | 0.000797 | 0.027590 | - | - | X | |
CING | IV | HH | 104.2 | 2.8 | 0.020980 | 0.027270 | 0.028830 | 0.000553 | 0.000697 | 0.028830 | 13.38 | 7.95 | X | |
FOSV | IV | EH | 104.6 | 2.5 | 0.010170 | 0.010020 | 0.013630 | 0.000196 | 0.000234 | 0.013630 | 13.28 | 7.74 | X | |
BARO | IV | EH | 106.2 | 2.7 | 0.004271 | 0.006944 | 0.006171 | 0.000165 | 0.000322 | 0.006171 | - | - | X | |
MGAB | IV | HH | 110.8 | 3.0 | 0.004386 | 0.011680 | 0.006767 | 0.000453 | 0.000587 | 0.006767 | 13.54 | 8.01 | X | |
MURB | IV | HH | 111.2 | 3.1 | 0.013060 | 0.024250 | 0.013530 | 0.000424 | 0.001100 | 0.013530 | 13.34 | 7.88 | X | |
LATB | IV | EH | 111.3 | 2.0 | 0.000908 | 0.000648 | 0.000557 | 0.000041 | 0.000059 | 0.000557 | - | - | - | |
MMUR | IV | HN | 113.8 | 3.1 | 0.054860 | 0.034040 | 0.027140 | 0.001882 | 0.003990 | 0.027140 | - | 8.54 | X | |
SSFR | IV | HH | 118.2 | 3.0 | 0.014200 | 0.023370 | 0.022640 | 0.000279 | 0.000543 | 0.022640 | 13.34 | 7.84 | X | |
ATFO | IV | HH | 118.7 | 2.6 | 0.002912 | 0.005588 | 0.004840 | 0.000136 | 0.000193 | 0.004840 | - | 7.99 | X | |
ATSC | IV | EH | 120.0 | 2.8 | 0.012480 | 0.028900 | 0.019430 | 0.000293 | 0.000503 | 0.019430 | - | - | X | |
ARVD | IV | HH | 120.8 | 2.6 | 0.007877 | 0.007569 | 0.009189 | 0.000130 | 0.000184 | 0.009189 | 13.49 | 7.82 | X | |
MIDA | IV | HH | 120.9 | 2.6 | 0.002624 | 0.002458 | 0.002656 | 0.000064 | 0.000081 | 0.002656 | 13.13 | 7.59 | X |
Credits and Copyright
RAMONES (Rapid Assessment of MOmeNt and Energy Service) service is designed, developed and maintained by the seismological group of the University of Genoa. The source parameters are estimated using features extracted directly from recordings, following methodologies developed through scientific collaborations between the University of Genoa, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ-Potsdam), the University of Naples, and the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV).
If you use these data, please cite the original paper: doi:10.1785/0220200348
Reproduction is authorised only if the source is cited in a complete and comprehensive way.